[BerntR]

The reason why pros look effortless is because the swinging action is completely passive with longitudinalacceleration, once you start down u must only clear the hip cf will align the face auimatically producing the dual horizontal hinge what you and hb are describing is manipulated hands swinging with non automatic release of course for swinging to work the ball must've positioned accordingly so that the cog of the clubace aligns at low point the ball must be played precisely at the right ball location factoring in the closing only of the horizontal hinge the face must be open at address to allow for closing this is why homer preferred hitting and manipulated hands swinging ball position matters less and the hassle can control it from start to finish the pivotand balance with lag and axis tilt is what allows an effortless true swinging action which is what allows a small person to drive par fours,effortless passive speed

While I can't speak for HB, this is a misrepresentation of my position.

Words like "completely passive" "manupulation (free)" are very vague when we try to sort out what squares the club face.

Even a "manipulation" free swing will show a distinct rotation of the RFFW and LAFW towards and through impact. And with your late snap release, the face stays open , looking out of the swing plane, for as long as possible - and the rotation will happen as late as possible, and also as fast as "possible". When the RFFW rotates back on plane, the club face will rotate from facing out of the swing plane to facing down the swing path.

The Nesbit paper shows negative gamma torque prior to impact. Negative means anti clock wise, which is a closing torque. What CF does or doesn't makes no difference to the club face alignment whatsoever. It feels manipulation free because the force required to close the club face is negligible compared to the forced used to create swing speed.