[ChrisNZ]

I think my confusion stems from whether we're talking about the angle of approach on the inclined plane, or it's visual equivalent on the ground. For 10-5-E, the one on the ground is the reference for constructing a new plane line, right? But once you've got the new plane line, forget both the old plane, and any new angle of approach visual equivalent. Trace the new plane line and the clubhead will (approximately) visually cover the (old visual equivalent) angle of approach through the bottom of it's arc.

I think I have further confusion stemming from the fact that not only does the clubhead have a path that can be described in various ways, but so too do the hands have a path, which can be described in the same way. So for example, in the 10-5-E procedure, does the right forearm operate parallel to the old (clubhead) angle of approach (that is the new planeline, and so directly behind the club), or does it have a new angle of approach? I'm guessing the former. If so, would the latter be using the closed plane line without using the "angle of approach procedure"?

Chris