[Jeff]

Neil and 12 piece bucket - thanks for your input.

Unfortunately, I still cannot grasp the difference.

Neil - you state that one institutes a 1/4 turn of the clubface by the end-takeaway and after that there is only rotation. How does one turn the clubface 1/4 turn if not by rotation? What is the difference in rotary technique employed in turning the clubface 1/4 turn during the start-up swivel versus the technique of rotation of the left arm/forearm that occurs throughout the remainder of the backstroke? I can understand the idea of a start-up swivel, but are you asserting that the total amount of left arm/forearm rotation is different in swingers versus hitters if both stop their backstroke at the 10:30 o'clock position. Does that cause their clubshaft to lie at a different angle at the 10:30 o'clock end-backswing position, and can you definitively know if a golfer is a swinger versus a hitter by simply looking at their clubshaft angle when the left arm gets to the 10:30 o'clock position?

12 piece bucket

I know that HK states that the right forearm supports the primary lever assembly in hitters and only the clubshaft in swingers, but I cannot clearly envisage the difference because I think that the left arm and clubshaft are essentially in the same plane during the late backstroke when the hands are reaching shoulder height (as the left arm flying wedge), and that if the right forearm is held at right angles to the primary lever assembly it is also at right angles to the clubshaft. Am I wrong?

Consider the following photo sequence of Stuart Appleby's backswing.



Note that he doesnt get his clubshaft to parallel to the ball-target line at the end of his backswing because he stops his backswing earlier than the end position. At the top of his backswing his right forearm is held roughly perpendicularly to both his left arm and clubshaft because they are on the same inclined plane. Can you definitively state that Stuart Appleby is a swinger or a hitter based on his right forearm alignments?

Neil - does Stuart Appleby have a 1/4 turn start-up swivel, or not?

Here is another photograph of a golfer who has a shortened backswing - Aaron Baddeley.



The left photo is his old swing and the right photo is his new Bennett/Plummer-taught swing. His left arm is lower/flatter in his new swing, but in both his new/old swing his left arm and clubshaft are in the same plane at the top of his backstroke so the right forearm is in opposition to both the left arm and clubshaft (similar to Stuart Appleby's situation). Can you definitively tell if Badds is a hitter or swinger based on these forearm alignments?

Jeff.