[Daryl]

I don't know if I can put this in perspective or by doing so help anyone get closer to Homer Kelley's Hinge Action Concept, but focusing on "Path" is not about Hinge Action.

The Clubhead has a Center of Gravity. The COG Orbits and the Orbit outlines a Path. The "Clubface" (Inclined Striker) has a direct relationship to the COG, not a direct relationship to the Path. Often, Clubhead/Clubface/Path is used simultaneously but to fully appreciate the beauty of "Hinge Action" and it's function, these identities should be kept separate so that their interactions can be understood at the most basic Level. Oversimplification of their relationships has lead to much confusion and misplaced purpose.

The Striker can move around the COG by associating it with one of three distinct Planes. Horizontal, Vertical Or Angled.

Hinging is about how Swingers and Hitters have an inherent difference in the way the Face of the Clubhead moves about the COG. So, although Clubhead Travel from Impact to Follow-through will show a significant Clubface/Path alignment difference we're much more concerned with the affect on the Line of compression differences and the potential problems this creates.

Rotating about a Horizontal or Angled Axis create different "Compression" Vectors when a Ball is Struck. Although we can change the Plane of Rotation by "Holding" the Flat Left Wrist to one of three Basic Planes, there is an "Inherent" rotation for Hitters and Swingers. So, Hinging theory is also a "Warning" to Hitters: Be Aware of the effects of your Inherent Rotation and compensate as much as you need to.

There's no doubt in anyone's mind that a player can "Hold" the Flat Left Wrist Vertical to one of each of the three associated Basic Planes and thus produce some serious Ball Flight differences.

The Point I'm trying to make I think, is that the Inherent Hinging Differences for Swingers and Hitters is about how the Rotation of the Right Forearm about the Axis perpendicular to an Associated Plane affects the nature of the rotation of the Clubface about the COG of the Clubhead from Impact to Follow-Through, must be kept separate from the field application of Holding the Left Wrist Vertical to one of the three Associated Planes. One is cause and the Other is effect.

But, there remains no doubt that "Holding the Flat Left Wrist vertical to one of the Three Basic Planes will impart the same motion to the Clubface." But my warning and that of Homer Kelley's is that without you focused on Rotating the Face about the COG, you run the risk of all sorts of mishaps, especially "Bending the Plane Line" or inadvertently disrupting the 3 dimensional Orbit.

So Homer is making it clear that Hitters use Drive out and Single Wrist Action which inherently causes the Right Forearm to Rotate on an Axis Perpendicular to the Angled Plane, while Swingers using CF Throw-out and Standard Wrist Action which causes the Right Forearm/Hand to Paddlewheel about an Axis Vertical to the Horizontal Plane. All of this cause a Rotation about the Center of Gravity of the Clubhead with the Hinge located at the Left Shoulder.

The icing on the Cake, is to be able to artificially mimic that Axis rotation and increasing our repertoire of "Finesse". Zone three.